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GV 1133 
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OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Spa KKiNt; j~()K ""AN ()i'i:m XG, (OnCoNcr.) 

Photo of Authok. (Frontispiece.) 

Lkft JIanu Lead kok Face — Incorrect: c; 

Sti<ikin(; the '* Tk AixiN(,-BAri." 13 

5. Attitude — Correct. 17 

6. ArrrTL'DE — Incorrect. 21 

7. Sp.nkking for ''a\t Opening."" 25 

S. Exercises at the "Wat l-Pau." 29 

g. The Knee-Kick. 33 

10. Right-IIand Counter on Neck 37 

I I. EsCx\PING RiGIIT-IIaND CoUN lER (3N XkCK. 4I 

12. RiGH i-ITand Cross-Counter , 4::; 

13. Stop for Right-IIand Cross-Cou:,ter, 49 

14. Parrying and Countering , 53 

15. Left- Hand I>ead for Face — Correct 1^7 

16. Lefi-II AND Lead for ''Mark." 61 

17. Parry e^or Left-IIand Lead for ''Mark.*" 65 

iS. Guard fok Right-IIand Swinging Blow at Body. . 69 

Parry eor Right-IIand Swinging; Blow a i- Neck 73 

TOP FOR RiGHT-TIaND SWINGING BlOW AT N EClv 77 

H ight-Hand Upper-Cut or 

EF i-IIand Upper-Cut. S5 

23. Rigiit-Hand Body Blow on "Mark." 89 

24. Right-IIand Counter, Over the Heart 93 

25. Slipping 97 

26. Lkft-IIand ''Bat'' and Right-Hand Counter. loi 

27. In-Fighting. 105 

28 , Side-Step. 109 

29. Chancery Hold No. I in 

30. Break for Chancery Hold No. i. 113 

31. Cil\ncery Hold No. 2 115 

32. Break for Chancery Hold No. 2 117 

33. B.\ck-Heeling. 119 

34. Break for Back-Heeling 121 

35. Cross-Buttock. u;^ 



iz. 



CONTENTS. 



page. 
Introductorj 1 1 

Explanation of PhravSes 20 

Attitude 23 

Sparring for an Opening 27 

Advancing and Retreating 31 

Right- Hand Counter on Neck 47 

Escaping Right-Hand Counter on Neck 48 

Right- Hand Cross-Counter 48 

Stop for Right-Hand Cross-Counter 51 

Parrjing and Countering 51 

Left- Hand Lead for Face 55 

Left- Hand Feint and Right-Hand Finish 55 

Left-Hand Lead for " Mark " 56 

Parrj for Left-Hand Lead at '' Mark" 60 

Left Hand Feint and Left-Hand Finish 60 

Feint to '• Draw " 64 

Feint to Retire and Attack 64 

Guard for Right-Hand Swinging Blow at Body 67 

Parry for Right-Hand Swinging Blow at Neck 68 

Stop for Right-Hand Swinging Blow at Neck 6S 

Right-Hand Upper-Cut 68 

Left-Hand Upper-Cut 7^ 



page 

Right-Hand Lead for "Mark" 72 

Right-Hand Counter Over Heart 72 

One-Handed Parry and Counter 71; 

<' Slipping " 76 

Left-Hand " Bat" and Right-Hand Counter 79 

In-Fighting . , 80 

Side Step , 83 

Chancerj-Hold and Back-Heeling — Ren arks 84 

Chancery- Hold No. i , 84 

Break for Chancery -Hold No. i , 84 

Chancery-Hold No, 2 . . 87 

Break for Chancery tlold No, 2. 8'*^ 

Back-Heeling gi 

Break for Back- Heeling 91 

Cross-Buttock , 91 

^he Pivot Blow 92 

Dumb-Bells — Remarks, 9:; 

Dumb- Bell Exerci:^es 96 

Addenda i* »o 

David H. Blanchard's American Fair Play Rules, . . . , ^07 







6-^ 



PretVe 



in oifer! ig^ I'nis work to the public. I will not feign 
a hu'Yiiiity wiich I do not f -3\: -or wi'l I offer any apology. 
Wee ! not salishe i tiiac it w.ll fill a yoid m the hteratuie on 
1; o/ii!g I sh. u' \ i'Ol ha/e sul;ni!tted it to die £carch-!ight of 
I ubliC cnticiSiii 

fhouah In r'3 are many books treating of the same sub- 
ject^ vvrire:-! l)/ a.jh ;vriter-> and famous boxers, yet so much 
()i imporian^e has been left unsaid; so little attention has 
h?e 1 given to the ceta.ls of the science the audiors, as a 
rule a Klessmg .hemselves lo those persons vvho tiave had 
"di ; benefit of car^TuI training under a competent mstruc- 
lor -that much cause exists for complaint from the novice 
seeking light upon the subject. 

There are thousands of boys and men desir ng 'o acquire 
the science of self-defense who, for var o..s reason'^, arc 
unable or unwilling to put themselves under the care of a 
professional i-^structor, and whoj-istlv compain of their in- 
aoilitv to become proficient in the science d'.rough the study 
of books; ail of whxh are. appi-irently, intended as quiz- 
books 

The object of this work is especially to deal v^it'i the be- 
'inn.er: as ihe title implies. Mr. Thomas Logan in the 
Philadelphia Errning Bulletin, says of it: •■ Advance sheets 
show that it would even benefit man/ of the boxers ■ nd 
'professors' now In the business. ^^ 

Particular stress is given to instruction in the p.oper and 



PREFACE. 



msthodical action of the feet, for although al! writers on the 
sjDjJct th IS far have agreed that well trained feet and legs 
are a vary necessary essential to scientific boxing, none of 
tiam have as y \: \o mulated any rule b/ which the much- 
desired scieatific action of the feet, in co j.mciion witii t e 
ha 1 J ., .n-ay be learned 

•^ou .vii| oo-v3r/e that I offer no combmaiion of blow^ 
h, irjin, My experie ice, as a teacher, is that the pupiTs own 
judgment is his best guide, after he has mastered the simp! ; 
exercises. Combinations are more likely to puzzie than to 
enlighten the pupil, and are only resorted to by those teach- 
ers (?) who "string out" their work — having but little of 
importanc:^ to impart, Mr. Harry Weldon in the Cincinnati 
Enquirer says : "There is no doubt that such a book is 
needed. Doran has followed the advice of the famous Dean 
Swift a^^\ oaly used language that is within the compre- 
hension of his humblest readers. There are no far-fetched 
r3hash3s, nor distracting comparisons nur references He 
offers Kis instructions in a simple an J concise manner, that 
g ves the reader a chance to reach the object sought with- 
out floundering through a ma^s of grandiloquent reiteration. 
Any two men A'ho caref-illy endeavor to execute each move 
inent described ought to become proficient/ 

I would respectf jhy call your attention to the following 
opinion of the method which I teach, f'om a high authont , 
Th? National Police Gazette, of New York, m its issue of 
October i, 1887: — 

" * * * To one somewhat familiar with the mode heretofore 
in V0TJ3. a very brief time is sufficient to show the superior ex- 
cellence of the method and its vast improvement over anything :n 
that line yet presented to our citizens of athletic or pugilistx 
tastes. * * * The old style lacked method. In it, p!uck and, 
above all, physical endurance won the battle — miaht was right 
* * * Unier Prof. Doran's instruction, the weak and timid, af- 
ter a thorough c^ur^e ">f instruction become self reliant, and able 



PRE FA CE. 



to cope with twice their weight, when art is opposed to simple 
bruie Torce * * * The high esteem m which the Professor is 
held by competent judges, and all who have practically tested his 
method, is the best evidence of his excellence." 

In this work I endeavor to carry the pupil through each 
lesson as nearly as possible after the manner in which I have 
so successfully imparted the science in some of our largest 
Colleges and Athletic Associations. The strictest attention 
is devoted to the little details, or technical points, so very 
necessary to the beginner; thereby preventing the pupil 
from confirming himself in an error on one point while he 
^ is giving especial attention to another. 

Self-control is the first principle in boxing. Some one 
has tritely said, " beautiful, impulsive people have black 
eyes , if they are not born with them, they get them before 
they die " Practice each movement calmly and carefully ; 
knowledge and accuracy will beget confidence and quick- 
ness. Bv delivering your blow lightly upon the point de- 
sired, while avoiding the counter-blow of your opponOfit, 
you convince him of your superior ability quite as strongly, 
and leave a much better impression in the minds of spec- 
tators 





LEFT-HAND LEAD INCORRECTLY EXECUTED. 



Science of S^If-Defeii5e. 



PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 

Particular attention is called to the following impor- 
tant details in the science of boxing: 

In striking at your opponent always cast your head 
to the side opposite to the hand with which you are 
striking ; for instance, when you lead at your opponent's 
face, or '' mark," with your left, cast your head m eJl to- 
ward the right side, and vice-versa. Avoid the very 
general mistake, noticeable in improperly -taught boxers, 
of turning the head to the right and back, thereby ex- 
posing the side of your face to your opponent's attack 
and dropping your eyes toward your right shoulder and 
the ground. Keep your eyes upon the face of your 
opponent, not "because you can tell by his eyes when or 
where he is going to strike you," but because you can 
more clearly follow the motions of both of his hands by 
so doing. Do not study his face, but just keep your 
eyes upon it, and after a little practice you will be able 
to detect the slightest movement of his feet, hands or 
head in time to prepare for counter-action. He woulr] 
be a very poor boxei* who would let his eyes betray his 
movements in advance. If your opponent knew that 
you believed he would look where he intended deliver- 
ing his blow, or allow any action of the nerves to indi- 

(") 



12 DOUAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENS Z. 

cate ivhcn he intended to strike, you would be compar- 
itively at his mercy; for what would prevent him Irom 
dropping his eyes to your diaphragm and rapi)ing ycni 
on the nose, and vice-versa? 

When you see two men boxing, observe the advan- 
t^ige in fav(>r of him who watches his opponent instead 
of dropping his eyes or turning away his face when 
exchanges become rapid. You will observe, also, \\\vX 
he who casts his head opposite to the hand with whit h 
he is striking, escapes the greater part of the punish- 
ment directed at his head, while his opponent, if he does 
not also shift the head, as directed, receives man\ a 
stinging reminder of his error. 

When leading, or countering, remember to cast the 
slioulder well out with the blow; but a matter of the 
utmost impoitance, and which is too often overlooked 
by those endeavoring to instruct in the science of sell- 
defense, is: always cast the opposite shoulder well and 
forcibly back, swinging the body from above the hips; 
by so doing you not only prepare for the delivery of 
another blow, but you propel the blow being delivend 
with much greater force and very materially increase 
your reach. For example, strike out with your kfi 
hand and throw your right shoulder forcibly back as far 
as it can go, then strike out with your right hand and 
bring the left shoulder fully back at exactly the same 
time. Practice this at the wall pad. Do not fall into 
the error of mistaking your elbow for your shoulder, 
casting it back instead of the shoulder. Many boxers 
capable of delivering a powerful blow with their rigiit 
can deliver little more than a shove with their left, sim- 
ply because they always bring the right shoulder fully 
back, ready for the delivery of a blow, and never — even 
while delivering their right — more than half prepare the 




STRIKING THE " TRAININQ-BAG; 



DDRAN^S SCIENCTEl OF SELF-DEFENSE. I5 

left shoulder; usually merely bringing back the elbow. 

Striking straight so as to hit the point aimed at, and 
properly judging the distance at which you can spi ing in 
and plant your blow fairly, are about the hardest thin^^s 
to acquire in boxmg. Even so-called good boxers fre- 
quently fall short of the object they aim their blow at. 
and the blow of the novice very often passes inches to 
one side of its object. To overcome tliis inaccuracy of 
aim, and to learn to correctly judge di-tance, take a pad 
and place it upon the wall about Mve feet three mches 
from the floor, stand where you can hit it with your 
closed fist when your arm is fully extended, the opposite 
shoulder thrown well back and your side facing it, 
practice striking it and swaying your head from side to 
side opposite to the blow being delivered; and remem- 
ber, it one hand does not land upon the pad as solidlv 
as the other it is because you do not swing the body and 
cast back the opposite shoulder fully. 

Be careful not to start the blow for a point higher 
than the object you wish to strike, as you will then 
have to drop your hand and arm to reach it — as in the 
old obsolete blow known as "the chopper" — making a 
weak and slow blow. Always allow your blow to have 
an upper tendency. The habit of hitting out above 
your opponent's face, then dropping your fist upon his 
nose, may, to some people, look fancy and clever in light 
sparring, but it will handicap vou in a fight. 

The American heavy-weight ex-chaaipion, if not 
misquoted, must have been "guying" the reporter who 
accredited him with saying, " this is one of the severest 
of blows," as a very slight knowledge of the action of 
the biceps, triceps and the pectoralis muscles will con- 
vince you that the blow is weak and ineffective. 

Another exercise that will assist you in striking 



i6 doran's scikxce of SKLF-DEFKXCJL. 

straight, swiiTging the shoulders perfectly, and correctly 
judging the distance at which an object can be struck 
most effectivelj, is hitting the '' tiaining-bag/' an inflated 
rubber ball covered with soft leather, and suspended 
from the ceiling by a light, strong rope; but in this ex- 
ercise be careful not to fall into the error of driving the 
bag with the right hand and n':erely sticking oui the 
left for the bag to strike against as it returns, as 3 ou 
will so often see done. Do not strike with ei her 
hand too hard at first, or until you learn to keep the 
bag going from and returning straight to you, mean- 
while casting back the shoulder opposite to the one 
delivering the blow, swinging your body to reverse 
the shoulders and keeping the head swaying from side 
to side, as directed. You can tell when you are hitting 
the bag correctly by the way it returns to 3^ou, if it is 
not struck fairly in the center it will jump upward as 
it goes from you, or away to one side in returning to- 
ward you. So, endeavor to keep it going and return- 
ing straight. But unless you faithfully follow the 
directions as above, it were better that you do not 
practice at all, as praetiee upon a bad principle, or, what 
is worse, no principle at all, will but confirm error and 
render it more difficult to conquer. 

Do not swing your blow in a semi-circle. You 
know that the circumference is three times the diam- 
eter of a circle, therefor the swinging blow has one- 
half more distance to travel than the blow delivered 
straight from the shoulder, which fact makes it less 
liable to catch a quick man ; and you do not need les- 
sons in boxing to become the equal of slow, unscien- 
tific men, but to become their master in all that per- 
tains to the science of self-defense. And last, though 




ATTilUDE— CORRECT POSiTlON. 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. I9 



not least, is the consideration that you are more apt 
to injure your hand or wrist than you are to punish 
your opponent. 

If the real cause were known, it would be found 
that a great majority of the injuries to the hands and 
arms, sustained by boxers and pugilists, are caused b}^ 
their swinging their arms in semi-circles when deliv- 
ering their blows. You not infrequently read in the 
report of fights of some noted boxer knocking out 
his opponent by a <' swinging blow on the neck," re- 
member that in most cases the swinging was done by 
the body and shoulder, and not by swinging the arm 
in a semi-circle; though the report is interpreted by 
many "self-made" boxers to extenuate and agree with 
their style. 

Do not reach out and slap your opponent with the 
tip of your open glove ; keep the glove closed. You 
should be able to judge the distance properly so as to 
spring in and deliver a blow with the closed glove so 
lightly that it would not cause the most timid to 
shrink from the irritation of the blow. 

In boxing, nothing should be practiced that would not 
be useful in an encounter. 

You frequently see two men clawing, slapping and 
stumbling about with boxing gloves on their hands, 
under the impression that they are boxing, when it 
really is only an awkward scramble, terrifying to 
children and disgusting to adult spectators. So, 
practice (lightly, to be sure,) only such movements as 
will be useful in a contest. Reaching out and tapping 
or slapping with the open glove increases your reach 
by a few inches, and is frequently resorted to by those 



30 DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFE XSE. 



boxers with no confidence in their own quickness or 
knowledge of distance, it is very annoying to an op- 
ponent who keeps his glove closed, and puts him at a 
disadvatage in a friendly set-to, which he is likely to 
overcome by sending in his blows more viciously. 
Most injured thumbs are traceable to this fault of hit- 
ting with the open glove, you are also apt to foul your 
opponent by striking him with the <*heel," or palm, 
of your hand. 



DEFINITION OF PHRASES. 

Draw — To feint at your opponent to draw him on 
to an endeavor to counter upon you; hence the term, 
draw; or, to leave a portion of your body unguarded 
so that he may endeavor to land a leail thereon, thereby 
giving you a chance to counter. Of course, simultane- 
ously with countering you must protect the seeming 
opening. The term, draw% is also used to denote a con- 
test which has not been fought to a finish. 

OpiiNiNG — That poition of the body above the belt 
left most unguarded at the time. 

Belt — A line around the body immediately abo\ c 
the hips. 

Mark — The diaphragm, just below the arch of the 
ribs. 

On Guard — In position to defend yourself, or to 
nttack your opponent. 

Feint — To pretend to strike \ our opponent at one 
point so that he will guard that point, leaving unguard- 
ed the point which you really desire to strike; or, to 
pretend to strike so that he may endeavor to counter, 
as in " draw." 




ATTITUDE— INCORRECT POSiTlON. 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SEI.F-DEFEXSE. 3^ 

Lead — The first blow deliveicd at each new assaidt. 

Counter — The blow dcHverecl while parrying-, or 
avoiding, vour opponent's lead. 

Slugging — Rushing and f^orcing the fighting, mak- 
ing your opponent fight at in-fighting; delivering youi* 
blows with their gieatest force. 

In -FIGHTING — Short-arm blows, delivered to with- 
stand a rush w^hen space will not permit of proper 
ijction and use of the feet. 

Clinch — Grasping an opponent around the body or 
arms to break the force of his blows, hugging to avoid 
punishment or for the purpose of wrestling. 

Foul — A blow struck below the belt, or otherwise 
in opposition to the rules by which the contest is being 
governed. 

Time — The signal given to resume the contest at the 
beginning of each round ; also now used to notify you 
to take your corner for the stipulated re<t at the end of 
each round. 



ATTITUDE. 

SU'v (\ witli the weight of the body on the right leg, 
the knee '.)f wiiich should be slightly bent, giving you 
the Hp[)eaiance of crouching, so that in the net of strik- 
ing you c-m spring- toward your opponent. Keep the 
left leg extended in front, with the ball of the fool lightly 
touching the floor, keep the right foot under you so that 
the back of your head w\\\ be in a perpendicular line 
with you right heel ; do not lean back, bending at the 
small of the back, as it is a th'esome, as well as an un- 
safe, position. Head erect and slightly to the right so 
as to keep it as far from your opponent's leach as pos- 



24 DOKAN^S SCIKNCE Ol^^ SELF-DEl'EXSE. 

sible and to keep youi' right eye, or fighting-eye, out of 
a direct line, thereby presenting only the left front of 
your face to your opponent ; raise the left and lower the 
right shoulder to allow the head to shift to the right 
without straining the neck, carry your shoulders parallel, 
do not stick the left shoulder forward as you see so fre- 
quently done, in the position, as it were, of a partly- 
delivered blow, for in that position, to strike properly 
with the left hand, you will first have to draw back the 
left shoulder and arm, which action consumes time and 
iicts as a warning to a wide-awake opponent. 

I have heard people — who were better fitted to look, 
l.sten and learn than to criticise— object to presenting 
the full front of the body to an opponent, asserting that 
wiiile in th it position there is much danger of receiving 
punishing blows upon the '* mark." If these critics ( ?) 
would but accredit the man so standing with even aver- 
age quickness^ they would see that his opponent could 
not lead without his countering, and the action of coun- 
teiing^or leading) would turn the left side forward and 
Ibe rignt side hack^ or vlce-vcrsa; thereby leaving space 
where tlie ''maik" was, thus avoiding tlie blow. 

A good boxer will endeavor to land a lead upon an 
<)l)ject where he sees it. and not hit out at the air, hoping 
for something to get in the way of his blow ; as his 
opponent may go in either of three directions safely: to 
the left, right, or backward — though not forward and 
down, as you may see illustrated in f^ome w^orks upon 
the subject — therefore, depend upon your own quick- 
iK^ss of head, hands and legs to land your blow safely, 
i\nd not upon the slowness or stupidity of your oppo- 
nent. Ovcr-confidciice causes 7Jtany defeats. So, carry 
the left shoulder as far back as the right, and if anything 
'\ little farther, thereby being alvva\ s in a position to 




SPARRING FOR AN OPENING. 



DOl^AX S SCIENCK OF 8ELF-DEFE\SK 27 

either lead or counter without loss of time in preparatoiy 
movements. Never lead with your right hand, at least 
without first feinting with your left. 

The left upper arm should be parallel with the body, 
the forearm horizontal, palm of hand up ; the right arm 
should be extended diagonally in front of the bod\', 
palm down and slightly to the front, the right fist level 
with the top of, and about twelve inches in advance of, 
the left shoulder. The mouth must be kept fiimly 
closed. It should not be necessary, as some people 
seem to suppose, to w^ear a perpetual grin to assure vour 
opponent that your intentions are friendly, as a com- 
paritively light blow will dislocate a man's jaw wdien 
his mouth is open. 

Do not stiffen the muscles and move about like an 
automaton, keep the muscles relaxed and supple until 
you start your blow, that is time enough to harden the 
arm and those muscles that are especially used when 
} ()u are in the act of delivering a blow. Always make 
it a point to reserve your strength all you possibly can. 



SPARRING FOR AN OPENING. 

While sparring for an opening, always step to the 
right ; first, draw the left foot toward you about three 
inches, cast the body forward, resting the weight of 
the body upon the ball of the left foot, then cast the 
right foot a pace to the right and land upon the ball 
of the right foot; bend the right knee (crouch) and 
turn the toes of the left fool out. You will then be in 



28 doran's science of self-defexse. 

the position ''on guard" again ready to spring in 
and attack your opponent, or receive him and defend 
yourself. 

When you hft your right foot to step to the right, 
work the right shoulder back and the left shoulder for- 
ward, which action will cause the right forearm and 
the body to meet, bringing the ball of the right hand 
thumb under the nipple of the left breast; in this 
position, the right forearm will act as a bridge across 
the ''mark," protecting that delicate portion of your 
anatomy from injury, and cause the left arm to be 
apparently threatening your opponent, so that when 
you intend to lead at him your motions will not mate- 
rially change, affording him less chance to judge ot 
your meditated attack. 

While the right foot is moving either to the r ght 
or backward, you are comparitively helpless — see arti- 
cle on Left Hand Bat and Right Hand Counter. As 
you drop upon the ball of your right foot, bring the 
left shoulder back and cast the right shoulder forward, 
allowing the right forearm to advance diagonally to 
its position in advance of the chest, as directed in 
"Attitude," you will then be in position "on guard " 
again. 

Be careful that you do not cross your legs by step- 
ping off to the right side with your left foot, as you 
will be very prone to do. By drawing in the left foot 
as directed, before stepping to the right with the right 
foot, you will overcome the tendency to cross your 
legs— a very helpless position ill case your opponent 
attacks you at the time, and you would be apt to trip 
yourself in endeavoring to get away. 




EXERCISING AT THE "WALL-PAD." 



DORAN S SCIENCE OK SKI.F I) KFENS E. 3I 



Be sure your opponent is within reach when y©u 
lead, then spring forward and deHver your blow fairly 
upon the point aimed at before you retire ; if 3/'ou 
practice this carefully with a friend you will not fall 
into the absurd habit of falling short in your blow, or 
of drawing back your body as your fist starts for your 
opponent, as you see so often done by men w^io lack 
confidence in themselves. 

Do not throw your right foot out at a right- 
angle with your body; keep the toes turned out at 
about an angle of 60 degrees, as in their natural angle 
when walking — if you saw a man walking on the street 
with one foot in its natural position and the other be- 
ing lifted along with the inside of the foot front, you 
would very likely express sympathy for his affliction. 
Then why voluntarily assume, in sparring, a position 
which is unnatural, and which would excite your pity 
when seen in another? An All-wise Creator would 
have placed the insides of our feet front were that the 
best position for them by which we might propel our- 
selves forward. 



ADVANCING AND RETREATING. 

Persevere in the practice of what follows under 
the above head, as you will find that the feet are 
much more important in a fight than may appear to 
ba the case at first sight, and, as an old-time professor 
of the art very aptly remarked: ^^ When a man has 
not been taught how to properly use his feet, they are, 
if I may be allowed to use the expression, in his own 
way, and he will frequently fall without the assistance 



33 DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. 

of a blow." And yet this writer, as well as others, 
while agreeing that the feet should be carefully and 
methodically trained, fails to offer any system by which 
the feet may be practiced in the much-to-be-desired 
proper movements. 

The following is from the pen of the celebrated 
Fernand Lagrange, M. D. ; you will observe that he 
claims that no properly-executed blow of the fist can 
bo given without the aid and proper action of the feet 
and legs. He says: ^^ Let us analyse the phenomena 
of a very simple movement. In order to be able to 
move the forearm, the arm must be fixed to give a 
point of application. The arm itself must be sup- 
ported by the shoulder, and the shoulder by the ver 
tebral column and the thorax. But the thorax and 
the vertebral column being supported by the peivis, 
and this by the lower extremities, the whole body is 
obliged to associate in the movement of the forearm. 
From head to foot all the muscles participate in the 
most insignificant, and most localized, work. ' 

In leading at your opponent, spring in (landing 
upon the ball of the left foot) about eighteen to twenty- 
six inches, bringing the right foot up at the same t me 
as though feinting to kick, do not drop the right foot 
to the floor until you have delivered your blow or 
blows, for you may find it necessary to follow your 
adversary, having staggered or driven him from you — 
in case you do, you must drop the right foot directiy 
under you, landing upon the ball of it, at the same 
time shooting out the left foot, resuming the position 
*^on guard," from whence you can spring in and lead 
or rjceive your opponent. In executing the above 




THE KNEE-KICK. 



doran's science of self-defense 35 



maneuvers, however, you must judge for yourself as 
to the precise distance for the initial spring, exercising 
care so as not to spring in too close, only so far that, 
upon casting the body forward, you can plant your 
blow fairly upon the object aimed at, for if your foot 
is too close to your opponent the force of your own 
blow will jar you backward, as you will be already 
slightly over-balanced backward. 

To receive your opponent, as he attacks you, 
spring smartly from the right foot, carrying it up 
and forward, and, at exactly the same time, bring 
the left foot in under you beside the place where the 
right foot was raised from, and parry and counter, or 
duck your head (aside) and counter, as you wish or 
think best, just as you land upon your left foot, as 
your body will then be cast in with the blow which 
you are delivering. You are neither advancing nor re- 
treating thus far, for this motion merely casts the left 
loot fairly under you, and bririgs the body forw^ard and 
up with the blow, after delivering your counter. If you 
have to retreat, swing the right leg back quickly, spring- 
ing back from the left and landing upon the ball (,f the 
r ght toot, bending at once at the right knee so as to be 
ready again without delay to lead or counter. As you 
spring back onto the right leg, do not Jet thf left foot 
swing in too close after it, as you will then Ikin e to exe- 
cute the extra movement of shoving out the left foot 
noa'n before you are in position " on guaid;" bri r.g your 
left foot hack with your left le^T extended, so that you 
Will at once be ready t > repeat the receivmg motion or 
t ) spring forward and attack your opponent. 

To practice these movements, upon which, you will 
find, hinges yor.r power to advance or retreat at will 



36 I) )ran's science of self-defense. 

without preparatory or other warning movements, take 
a pad and fasten it upon the wall about live feet three 
inches from the floor ; make a chalk mark on the floor 
parallel with the wall and about ten to twelve inches 
therefrom. This mark we will call No^ i. Make an- 
other mark about twenty inches back of No. i. This 
mark we will call No. 2. Toe mark No. i with the left 
foot ; toe mark No. 2 with the right foot in position " on 
guard ;" spring off right foot, propelling the body up- 
ward and forward, bringing the lei t foot back to mark 
No. 2 at the same time. Always land upon the ball of 
the foot ; the action is that of hopping, only that instead 
of landing upon the foot from which you hopped, you 
bring the left in under you and land upon it. Shoot the 
left arm and shoulder out to plant your blow upon the 
wall pad, and cast back the right shoulder and allow 
the right forearm to bridge the " mark." 

AH the foregoing movements of arms, shoulders and 
feet must be executed simultaneously. As you deliver 
your blow, the right foot must be brought well forward 
and up, as though you were feinting a kick. When vou 
have delivered your blow, or blows, spring oft" of left 
foot, drop upon ball of right foot bnck of mark No. 2 
and shove the left foot out to toe No. i ; again cast back 
the left and forward the right shoulder, allowing the 
right forearm to advance diagonally in front of the chest, 
as directed in ''Attitude," and yon iirc ''on guard " again 
and ready to repeat the exercise. These movements, 
though necessarily having to be explained in detail, item 
by item, must, nevertheless, be executed simultaneous! v. 

Keep practicing the above until it is indelliblv im- 
pressed npon your mind, and vour legs become so ac- 
customed to the movements that thev will perfoim their 
pait w itliont causing you any concern whijtever when 




RIGHT-HAND COUNTER ON NECK 
CORRECTLY EXECUTED. 



doran's science of sej.f-dei-ense. 39 

your mind i^ busied with its efforts to giasp and master 
other movements. 

After learning to spring properly and to carry your- 
self conectlv while delivering the left-hand blow, prac- 
tice striking with the left and tlien tiie riglit. in rapid 
succession, planting both blows fairly tipon the point 
aimed at. while balancing upon the lett foot and before 
dropping the right foot to the floor again. 

l>e caiefid to swing your shoulders back and forth to 
their full extent, carry the head first to the right then to 
the left, to the side, opposite to that from w^hich the blow 
is being delivered, letting the right forearjn bridge [he 
'' mark" as the left is propelled forward in delivering a 
blow, advancing it in front of the body with the palm 
down and out and level with, and about twelve inches 
in advance of, the h ft shoulder as you bring back the 
left arm and shoulder, and resume position " on guard " 
It will be observed that, as the left hand is resting on 
the wall pad and the right shoulder thrown well back, 
the right shoulder and forearm are in line with the ob- 
ject struck by the left, and is ready for delivery as the 
left returns, if necessary, without pulling back the fore- 
arm and hand, thereby uncovering the 'mark," as you 
see done by boxers who fail to cast back the shoulder 
opposite that which is driving in a blow. 

It may appear that I dwell upon the foregoing move- 
ments at undue length ; but such is not the case. I do 
so because they are of the utmost importance and can 
not be passed lightly over ; and unless thoroughly 
learned bv the pupil, he will be handicapped, and un- 
prepared for acquiring the subsequent instruction. , 

A simple showing' of what follows would suffice,, if 
vour feet would perform their part properly, otherwise 
the best instructor could not make a good boxer of you. 



4o doran's science of self-defense. 



Many pupils bring discredit upon their teacher, be 
he ever so good, merely on account of their perversity in 
tr\ ing to jump into active sparring w^ithout first learning 
the most important, and equally tedious, early exei cises. 

When you first begin to practice delivering your 
IjIow, or blows, while balancing upon the ball of the 
left foot, you will no doubt imagine that a child could 
push hard enough to jar you back, and also that if your 
opponent were to duck or step aside that you would 
overbalance forward and sprawl all over the floor — 
which is very probable indeed, as there is no more em- 
barrassing position, or one causing a greater feeling of 
insecurity, us you will most probably throw your right 
leg up and back of you at first, instead of bringing it 
forward, as though feinting a kick as directed. But, 
hke most things which are difficult to learn, it will 
handsomely repay the pupil who devotes himself to 
practicing it with intelligence and perseverence. 

No dcnibt hundreds who read these lines will recall, 
with feelings of amusement and satisfaction, the 
ludicrous antics of themselves and others as they strug- 
gled with this problem of ''perfect balance." 

If your right hand does not land as solidly as the 
left upon the wall-pad, you will find it is because you 
fnil to cast back the left shoulder fully, and bring the 
right foot well up and forward. In boxing, if your ad 
versary ducks his head forward and down to avoid 
your left hand lead, he may bring his face into unpleas- 
ant collision with your right knee. 

You may remember to have read awhile ago that 
the English light-weight champion was accused of 
*4oulin<4" his opponent, in this country, by kicking 
him in the face with his right knee. The claim of 
foul would not be allowed, as it was very obvious that 




FLIGHT. HAND COUNTER ON NECK INCORRECTLY EXECUTED 
(Or Escape From It.) 



DORAN^S SCIEN'CE OF SEI.F-DK1< J?: XSE. ^7^ 



he was merely bringing the leg up to assist hnn m de- 
livering his blow properly, and to enable him to drop 
the right foot under him m case he wishuU to follow 
his opponent without loss of time, or to get away 
quickly, in case he had to retreat, by swinging it back 
and landing upon it. His opponent's face was in the 
wrong, as is should not have been ducked forward 
and down. 

When you spring in, to lead or counter, be sure 
you do not land upon the left foot '-pigeon-toed," 
but land upon the ball of the foot with the toes turned 
out at the natural angle. 

Do not bound back, landing on both feet at once, 
as you are liable to have your feet too close together 
— an almost helpless position in c^se your opponent 
is quick enough on /its feet to be right after you; and 
remember you are learning so as to successfully op- 
pose the best boxers, not the novices. 

There are many more or less successful boxers who 
have a style of bounding away after striking an oppo- 
nent, frequently leaving a space of two or three feet 
between themselves and their adversary, very often 
bounding away, from force of habit, after having stag 
gered him, thereby missing a chance to follow and 
punish him while he was at a disadvantage. It is a bad 
practice in case you are the lighter of the two and 
wish to avoid ^'in-fighting," as it is liable to carry 
> ou into a corner. 

As the old saying has it, ''a miss is as good as a 
mile," so just spring back far enough to avoid the 
onslaught, yet remaining near enough to spring in to 
take advantage of any weakness, or an opening in 
your adversary's guard or position. 



44 doran's science of self-defense. 

Your sole object in a set-to is to not only avoid 
punishment, but to punish your opponent as well. 

This continual bounding iway resembles a foot 
race, and leaves openings for such remarks as the fol- 
lowing, which I once saw published in the report of a 
fight (?): "They took their corners to get ready for 
the next lap." There is no need to don boxing gloves 
for a foot race. 

Bounding would be very poor tactics in a street 
fight, where you would be liable at any moment to go 
backward over some obstruction, and although you 
are not training purposely to seek, or engage in, street 
fighting, yet you should be prepared, in case you are 
forced into one, to get through with it without loss of 
time, or personal injtiry ; for no gentlemen cares to be 
the center of a gaping crowd ; he naturally desires to 
avoid such unenviable notoriety, and he should be 
prepared to extricate himself from such a predica- 
ment. I remember a well-known editor who paid 
twenty dollars to an amateur boxer to have him avenge 
an insult offered by a tough to the wife of the editor, 
for although the editor was above the average in build 
and physical development, yet his lack of knowledge 
in the art of self-defense, and consequent lack of con- 
fidence in himself, caused him to refrain from chastis- 
ing the tough in person. Although ladies are not 
fond of witnessing street fights, there can be but little 
doubt that any lady would esteem a man who she 
knew could and would defend her from insults. 

The following thirty-two articles, comprising the 
blows, counter-blows, and parrys that go to make up 
a complete course of lessons in boxing, are compari- 




RIGHT-HAND CROSS-CUUNTER CORRECTLY 
ILLUSTRATED. 



DORAN S SCIFNCK OF S KFF-DE 1<M:N S K. 47 

tively easy to learn and execute if you thoroughly 
master what has preceded them, especially as to the 
carriage and action of the feet. 



RIGHT-HAND COUNTER ON NECK. 

x\s your opponent leads for your face with his left, 
spring quickly forward, slip your left forearm slightly 
under and outside his left forearm, swing him from 
you, and, as you swing him with your left, drive your 
right in upon his neck or the angle of his jaw. This 
blow may also be delivered on the ribs above the left 
hip or over the heart; but it is advisable, in practic- 
ing it, to strike the neck, or the jaw, as they are the 
hardest points to reach, and after you learn to land 
}'our blow properly upon them, it will be very easy 
indeed for you to catch an opponent on the ribs, or 
over the heart, no matter how spry he may be. As 
you spring forward to turn your opponent, let your 
right shoulder work fully back and, as you swing him 
around, let the left shoulder continue on back, so as 
to assist the right-hand blow, which will then be on its 
way toward your opponent's neck. 

One shoulder should always be swung fully back as 
the other is forcing a blow forward. 

If you do not bring the right leg up as directed, 
you might as well not try this blow, as it will fall 
short, for the action of turning your opponent will 
also swing him away from you, and the most you can 
do, when the right leg is lagging behind, is to swing 
your arm in a semi-circle in hope of landing your 
blow upon your adversary's ribs. But, as I said be- 



4S doran's scie.vce of self-defense. 



fore, there is no excuse for this style of dehvery. By 
br.ngmg up the right leg as directed you are in easy 
reach of his jaw or neck, and can choose the point to 
Btr;ke, making it next to impossible for your opponent 
to avoid the blow ; that is why I advise you to practice 
On the jaw or neck only, until you become proficient. 



ESCAPING RIGHT-HAND COUNTER ON NECK. 

As you lead at your opponent's face and find him 
turning you, do not resist the pressure, but go with it, 
Springing swiftly to the right and back, landing upon 
the ball of your right foot, and tura again quickly to 
the left so as to face your opponent, but if he does 
iiot fail (as in the illustration) to bring the right leg 
up, there is small probability of your escaping scott- 
free. 



RIGHT-HAND CROSS-COUNTER. 

As your opponent leads with his left at your face, 
spring quickly forward and up, cast your head to the 
left, so as to allow his blow to pass over your right 
shoulder, and drive your right arm across his left 
straight for his neck or angle of his jaw\ Unless you 
spring from the right foot, propelling your body up 
and forward, your right forearm will rub against your 
opponent's left upper arm hard enough to turn your 
blow aside, or cause it to fall short. Those instructors 
who advise yon to swing your nrm in a semi-circle \w 
deliverincr the right-hand cross-counter, do so because 




STOP FOR THE RIGHT-HAND CROSS COUNTER, 



DORAN s SCIENCE OF self-dp:fense. :; I 



they do not know how to drill you in the proper action 
of the feet, but they ^d?- know that with the right foot 
lagging behind, it is impossible to make a straight right- 
hand blow reach the neck; therefore they do the best 
they can for you by telling you to ''swing" your blow, 
which action is weak, slow and uncertain. 

With your knuckles, press on the muscle running 
down the neck back of the ear; first press from the 
side, in the direction of a ''swinging blow," then press 
back and- slightly in, and note the sensation each time. 
A man that will let an opponent exhaust himself "swing- 
ing on his neck," will drop " like a wet rag " from a 
properly-delivered, straight shoulder blow. 



STOP FOR RIGHT-HAND CROSS COUNTER. 

When you find that your opponent lies in wait to 
cross-counter nou every time you lead, it, of course, 
makes it decidedly unsafe for you to lead at his face, 
you can then lead as though you meant to strike his 
face (cast your head to the right, etc.), but instead, drop 
your hand slightlv and strike him heavily in front of the 
light shoulder, which will effectually jar him back, so 
that his riglit arm can not advance near enough to reach 
you. Then ca t your head swiftly to the left and drive 
your right in upon h's diaphragm. 



PARRYING AND COUNTERING. 

As your opponent leads for \ our face with his left, 
spring forvv^ard and parry his lead by shooting your 
rig*lit foieirm up and out, th- ow tlie right shoulder with 



52 doran's science of self-defense. 



1% thereby forcing back the left shoulder, which must 
immediately shoot in, landing upon your opponent's 
face, or '' mark." as the opening is seen; the right must 
work back as the left advances, allowing the right fore- 
arm to bridge the ''mark," also to allow the left to ad- 
vance fully. The counter must be made while your op- 
ponent is lunging forward with his lead, so as to be sure 
to catch him and increase the force of your blow. You 
will notice that there are a great many boxers who 
parry their opponent's lead, slightly retiring as the\ 
})arry, and then endeavor to counter as their opponent 
recovers, thereby frequently falling short (except on 
slow men) or merely getting in a ''spent blow." The 
cause of that is their slowness, and their slowness is 
caused bv their standing on the right leg without bend- 
ing it at the knee (crouching) ready to spring forward. 
You know that running is faster than w^alking; and 
if you will stop to think, the reason will suggest itself. 
In running, we spring from the knee and foot. If you 
came to a ditch which vs^as too wide to step across in 
the ordinary manner, would you straddle it by swinging 
one leg across and then expect to get the other across 
by violently " humping " yourself? More likely, } ou 
would make a light, graceful sphng from the right foot 
and land upon the other side on the ball of the left foot, 
with scarcely an effort. Neither would you be likely, 
after once firmly landing upon the opposite side, to de- 
liberately cast the right foot back of you, thereby land- 
ing in the ditch. And yet you see this ver\ thing done 
every day in boxing. A man strikes his opponent and, 
instead of bringing his right foot fulh up with the blow 
as he springs in, he brings it about half vs^ay, and after 
having delivered his blow — though he may have stag- 
gered his opponent — he settles back upon it about half 




LEAD, COUNTER AND DOUBLE PARRY. 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. 55 

a pace from where it originally was when iiib blow 
started. 

Always drop ' your right foot directly under you 
when you (fesire to follow your opponent — of course, 
shooting the left forward at exactly the same time — or 
if you desire to retreat, spring back a full pace. 

Always remember that in springing you hold a de- 
cided advantage over a non -crouching, stepping vw op- 
ponent. At the wall-pad you must learn the cHstance 
from which \ou can best spring in and deliver your 
blow fairly. Then try stepping in,''you will then know 
how great your best striking distance is, also that of 
your non-springing opponent. — See "Feint to Retire and 
Attack.-' 



LEFT-HAND LEAD AT FACE. 

Get in proper distance, spring in and deliver your 
left upon the point of your opponent's chin, or the angle 
of his jaw; as you do so, carry your head to the right, 
without removing: your eyes from his face, cast the right 
slioulder well back and allow your right forearm to 
bridge your diaphragm, as he may duck to his right 
sivle and endeavor to counter upon it, allowing your 
lead to Dass harmlessly over his left shoulder. 



LEFT-HAND FEINT AND RIGHT-HAND FINISH. 

As your adversary becomes proficient at parrying 
voLir left-hand lead at his face, and trying to catch you 
with a left-hand counter — a style of boxing much af- 
i\ cted by some boxers, and often seen in exhibition set- 



56 doran's science of self-defense. 



10^, and called the '' double lead and parry," though 
really a lead, counter and double parry — thereby pre- 
venting your left from landing on his face, feint as 
though your intentions were to strike him in the face 
with your left, lieading close up to his face and casting 
your head well to the right, and as he raises his right 
lore-arui to parry the supposed lead, and strikes out 
with his left at your face, draw your left quickly back, 
cast your head swiftly to the left side, and drive your 
right in upon his diaphragm. He may have a habit of 
covering the ''mark" with his left forearm, as he par- 
ries With the right; in that case, direct your right-hand 
blow to the left side of his jav^ or neck. As it is simply 
impossible for a man to make motions in two distinctly 
different directions at one and the same time with one 
hand, the "mark" left jaw, or neck will be open to you 
after a properly executed feint at one of these points. 
Bui don't stand back and execute a wriggle and twist, 
which would look as though you were afflicted with 
St. Vitus' dance, and then make a straight lead, for 
you are apt to be the only one to get fooled by it and 
get left. 



LEFT-HAND LEAD FOR THE MARK." 

Spring in, bend forward at the hips, cast your head 
well to the right and cast your right shoulder well back 
and land your left upon his diaphragm. As you make 
this lead, your head goes well to the right, you must 
under no circumstances remove your eyes from the 
face of your opponent. To recover — if you don't 
wish to follow him — swing your right leg quickly 




LEFT-HAND LEAD FOR THE FACE COR- 
RECTLY EXECUTED. 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. 59 

back, springing from the left, and land upon the ball 
of the right foot in position ^^on guard." 

This IS one of the safest leads that can be made, 
for, as you see, your opponent must keep his right 
forearm across his ''mark" or be severely punished or 
inconvenienced m his breathing apparatus, andd^now- 
ing that, and also seeing that you are well beyond the 
reach of his right, anyhow, he has only the left with 
which to endeavor to counter upon your face, and you 
will find that though he may have a much longer arm 
than you, the most he can do — supposing your head 
to be carried properly to the right — is to tap you with 
the extreme tip of his glove, when his hand is open — 
and men do not tap with the tips of the!r fingers when 
fighting. 

The reason that he can not reach you in that 
position is because your head being thrown well to 
the left of your adversary's shoulder, and much lower, 
the distance from his shoulder to your face is in- 
creased, while that between his diaphragm and your 
shoulder is decreased. 

But also remember that the above is the most 
dangerous lead that you can try when improperly ex- 
ecuted. 

One of our foremost heavy-weight pugilists had 
his reputation impaired by a novice by being al- 
most knocked out while trying this lead. Not that he 
could not deliver it properly, but because he under- 
rated the ability of the novice, and, carelessly allow- 
ing his head to approach his opponent too closely, he 
received an upper-cut that cost him thousands of dol- 
iar.v in loss of prestige and depreciated business. 



6o doran's science of self-defense. 

Practice carefully with a friend who, while he tries 
to reach you with a warning blow, will not really en- 
deavor to injure you. Stick to it until you are sure 
you can do it safely, and never forget, it must be done 
correctly. 



PARRY FOR LEFT-HAND LEAD AT " MARK." 

As your adversary leads at your ^'mark" with his 
left hand, shoot your right forearm down and out, at 
the same time turning the palm of your hand to your 
right, which action will turn his blow aside, allowing 
it to slip down. 

You must be careful in practicing this parry, as 
you are apt to parry just sufficient to receive the blow 
upon the privates; you are also apt to parry too soon, 
thereby exposing the diaphragm to the blow. I would 
advise you to receive your opponent's lead upon your 
right forearm as it bridges your diaphragm until such 
time as you become accustomed to sparring, and 3'our 
eyes can be depended upon to calculate time and dis- 
t.mce correctly. Be sure that the ball of the right- 
hand thumb rests just below the nipple of the left 
breast, or the jar may be severer than if you received 
the blow from a well padded glove. 

As you guard this lead, spring forward and endea- 
vor to counter on your adversary's jaw with your left 
hand, but be sure to cast your head to the right, or he 
may perform the subsequent movements upon you. 



LEFT-HAND FEINT AND LEFT-HAND FINISH. 

Vv^hen you find your adversary is guarding his 




LEFT-HAND LEAD FOR THE "MARK' 



doran's science of self-defense. 63 

''mark" well, and thereby preventing your blow from 
having Rny effect upon it, bend at the hips, etc., as in 
left-hand lead at the mark, cast the head and shoulder 
to the right as though attacking his diaphragm again, 
and, as he guards it, drive your left into his face. The 
motion of the head and left shoulder must be made in 
a Jiash of time before the left hand starts for your 
opponent's face, as it is the motion of the head and 
shoulder which misleads him. But the left hand must 
go direct from its resting place to the face of your ad- 
versary. Do not commit the absurdity practiced 
by so-called boxers who drop the left hand first to- 
ward an opponet's diaphragm and then raise it to his 
face, such tactics could only be successfully employed 
upon a sleeping man. 

The feint, properly executed, is one of the pret- 
tiest things in boxing, for where you will not feel like 
leading at his face — knowing how many counters an 
opponent may return if you lead — you can get at his 
face perfectly free from fear of punishment by properly 
performing the feint. The lead for the diaphragm, 
although perfectly safe, will keep your opponent try- 
ing for a left-hand counter on your face which he 
misses by so little as to encourage him in the hope 
that he may catch you the next time you try it, and in 
his anxiety, more or less losing thought of himself, he 
will cast his head well forward and slightly d®wn, in 
his endeavor to lengthen his reach, which causes 
your left-hand finish on his face to come as a very 
disagreeable surprise. 

But you must practice this until no one, not even 
idle spectators, can detect your feint until the finish 



64 doran's science of self-defense. 

is made on your opponent's face. If he tries to guess 
your intentions and parry for the face, fool him by 
landing on the *' mark." Be careful that your head is 
kept well to the right, as you will be prone to let it 
wave a little to the left as your blow starts, or your 
opponent may effectually stop your left from finishing 
by planting his left on your jaw. 



FEINT TO DRAW. 

When you find your opponent unwilling to lead, 
and quick at parrying and countering, you must lead 
close to his face with your left. Continue this until 
you lead him to think that he is becoming clever at 
parrying and countering — you might even allow him 
to land lightly on your jaw, if you can depend upon 
voiir own judgment of time and distance— then, as he 
parries and counters, pull back your left, cast yoiir 
head well to the left side, and cross-counter him on the 
neck with your right. Or the blow can be directed to 
the ribs above the left hip, or over the heart, as in 
'' Right-hand Counter." But be lively in shifting your 
head from right to left, or you may meet his left hand 
with your face — which would most effectually end that 
deal. 



FEINT TO RETIRE AND ATTACK. 

This feint can only be made when you have tho <»- 
ughly mastered the action of the feet, as you w^ill have 
to be ai>le to spring in from a greater distance than 




PARRY FOR LEFT-HAND LEAD AT THE ''MARK/' 



doran's science of self-defense. 67 

your opponent can in his straight-legged style of step- 
ping in. 

Spar about him for awhile, going up within his reg- 
ular hitting distance, and, as you suspect him of attack- 
ing you, sprmg back a pace; do this a few times and 
he will be apt to suspect that you are affected with 
heart-failure in time of danger, and consequently will 
become more or less lax in his vigilence over himself 
when he sees you spring away. Then will be your 
chance to "get even" for all the uncomphmentary 
thoughts he entertained of you. Approach within his 
regular hitting distance and, as he shows signs of lead- 
ing, sprmg quickly away, but, as soon as your right foot 
lands, spring directly in again, delivering your left upon 
his " mark," neck, or chin, as the opening presents. Or 
instead of springing away and then springing in to the 
attack again, you can perform the '^ Receiving Step," 
countering at the same time. 

If you are careful not to spring away until his blow 
is almost upon you, the change in your tactics when 
you receive him, will not be noticed by him in time to 
save himself. 



GUARD FOR RIGHT HAND SWINGING BLOW 
AT BODY. 

The swinging blows have become obsolete, except 
among boxers (?) who have a penchant for deliberatelv 
injuring themselves, and w^hen used will be directed at 
the body above the left hip or at the neck The blow 
for your body receive on the point of the elbow of the 
left arm bv bringing the left hand under the nipple of 
the right breast, and raisinor or lowering the elbow 



68 doran's science of self-defense. 

slightly to me^t your opponent's right fist, countering 
at the same time with your right on his " mark," or jaw. 



PARRY FOR RIGHT-HAND SWINGING BLOW 
AT NECK. 

The swinging blow lor the neck or jaw you can 
avoid by parrying. Shoot the left forearm up and out, 
presenting as little surface as possible, so that the blo\A' 
will be turned away and slightly down, at the same time 
counter with your right upon your oppotient's ''mark," 
or jaw. 

Be careful never to swing your blows, no matter 
what the seeming inducement may be. 



' STOP FOR SWINGING BLOW AT NECK. 

Step in about twelve inches, cast your head to the 
left side and down, at the same time raise- the right 
shoulder slightly; you will then present the left top of 
your hrad to receive your opponent's fist or wi ist, j^rob- 
ably disabling his arm. Do not drop the head forward 
and down, thereby removing your eyes from the face of 
your opponent, hvX step forward and cast the liead side- 
wise and down. 



RIGHT-HAND UPPER-CUT. 

When you lead at your opponent's face with your 
left and he ducks his head forward and down to nvoid 
your lead, spring in quickly to the left, pulling back 
your left hand and shoulder, and driving your right 




GUARD FOR THE RIGHT-HAND SWINGING BLOW 
AT THE BODY.. 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFKXSE. /I 

hand in and up with a swing, landing upon your op 
ponent's chin or jaw. Or when he leads for your 
'Mnark" with his right, you can cover the "mark" with 
your left forearm — same as in "Swinging Blow for 
Body — and upper-cut him with your right. These are 
the only times it is advisable to use the left arm to cover 
the "mark." You can also use the right-hand upper- 
cut when your opponent casts his head forward and 
down in leading, as you will frequently see done. 



LEFT-HAND UPPER-CUT. 

The left hand is swung upward and outward the 
same as in the right-hand upper-cut, though if the op- 
posite shoulder is not thrown fully back forcibly and 
rapidly, at exactly the same time, the blow will be weak 
and probably short, or merely land upon your oppo- 
nent's forehand, possibly hurting you more than him. 

You have a good opportunity to deliver this upper- 
cut when you try to cross-counter your opponent's left- 
hand lead at your face and he ducks his head forward 
and down inside his arm to allow your right hand to 
pass over his head. In delivering it, draw the right 
arm and shoulder swiftly back, which motion will assist 
in driving th'e left up and out. 

The motion of "throwing the head forward and down 
to avoid a cross-counter is a sure way to get into trou- 
ble. It only occurs to a man when he is startled and 
can not collect his senses rapidly enough to meet the 
emergency, and it appears absurd to see a man mak- 
ing pretentions as a teacher, trying to drill into another, 
in moments of calmness when his senses have full sway, 
actions that oppose reason. 



72 DORAN'S SCIENCIl OF SELF-DEFENSE. 

I consider the upper-cut, when properly delivered, 
the severest blow^ that can be dealt in a fight, and there- 
fore I w^arn you against casting your head directly for- 
ward and down under any circumstances, or from re- 
moving your eyes from the face of your opponent. A 
moderately severe blow delivered by your opponent 
and met by your face, (hacked forward and down, will 
have the effect of confusing you as to \our surroundings, 
leaving you weak in your defense. 



RIGHT-HAND BODY BLOW ON '* MARK." 

Spring quickly in to the left, cast your head well to 
the left and drive your right hand in upon your oppo- 
nent's ''mark." Be sure the right leg is brought well 
up as the blow goes in, or it will hold b.ick the right 
side enough to make the blow short. To recover, swing 
the right leg back and spring back upon it, propelling 
yourself from the left foot. 

Be particularly careful when delivering all body 
blows, with either hand, not to drop your eyes, as you 
will be prone to do. This blow is especially easy of 
execution, when your adversary leads with his right, as 
is the case with a ''left-handed '^ man who stands with 
his right foot in advance. 



RIGHT-HAND COUNTER OVER THE HEART. 

As your opponent leads with his left for your face, 
spring in, cast your lead to the left, to allow his lead 
to pass over your right shoulder; keep a sharp look out 
for his right hand, and drive your right hand in upon 
his body just above the left hip, or over the heart, 




PARRY FOR THE RIGHT-HAND SWINGlNa 
BLOW AT THE NECK. 



DOR AN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. "J ^ 

follow lip with your left upon his face, or ^'mark/' as 
the opening may presc^^ itself. 



ONE-HAND PARRY AND COUNTER. 

As your opponent leads with his left for your face, 
spring forward, parry his lead with your right, then 
pull back the right shoulder and arm, throw out the 
left shoulder to assist the right back, then drive your 
right in upon your opponent's ''mark," at the same 
time casting the left shoulder back in order to assist 
the right forward. This must be done very rapidly, 
and when so done is highly satisfactory and success- 
ful; but you must swing freely from above the hips, 
and fully reverse the shoulder. Practicing this blow 
will assist you in getting the proper swing of the 
shoulders, and teach you to parry just enough, and 
prevent you from imitating the awkward parry, so 
often seen, that might be called ''a family parry," as 
four or five persons could stand in a line on the right 
of the man using it and not one of them be touched. 
It will also prevent you from using the parry illus- 
trated by most writers upon the subject; that is, rais- 
ing the elbow and presenting the right forearm hori- 
zontally in advance of the body. 

You have, no doubt, heard the remark: ''Oh, he 
would break any man's arm who tried to guard his 
blow;" or, <<He would strike down an opponent's 
guard," — generally spoken in reference to the ability 
of some large, powerful man. That is possible where 
the parry is made by presenting the forearm horizon- 
tally in advance of you, depending upon lifting your 
opponent's lead above your face, or of receiving it 



76 DORAN^S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. 

upon the forearm with the intention of checking 
the blow. But a little practice and observation will 
prove to you the impossibility of doing anything of 
the kind when you parry as directed, by shooting the 
right forearm upward and forward, forcing it forward' 
and strengthening it by casting back the left and for- 
ward the right shoulder, keeping the elbow down and 
in toward the body, presenting the forearm at an angle 
of about sixty degrees. 

There would be about as much probability of 
breaking down a toboggan slide by slamming tobog- 
gans upon it as there would be of breaking down this 
guard by striking at your opponent, simply because 
there is no flat surface presented, and your arm glides 
aside and down. Everyone's arm tapers between the 
wrist and elbow, therefore you need but very little 
upward and forward motion of your arm to cause an 
opponent's blow to turn aside, the arm would turn 
aside of itself as soon as the taper approached your 
arm, were your own merely held steady. But it is 
always safer to help it aside by shooting your forearm 
up as directed. The parry must not be made far in 
advance of your body; but be sure and strengthen it 
by casting back the left and forward the right shoul- 
der, thereby also preparing the left hand for a coun- 
ter blow. 



SLIPPING. 

When your adversary backs you into a corner and 
you can not get the floor again by working to the 
right, you will have to try to slip, which is done as 
follows: As 3^our opponent leads at your face with his 




STOP FOR THE RIGHT-HAND SWINGING BLOW 
AT THE NECK. 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. 79 

left, you must spring forward, duck to the right so as 
to allow his blow to pass over your left shoulder, 
spring so as to land upon the ball of your left foot 
back of his left foot, swing your right leg swiftly for- 
ward and turn to the left so that you will face him 
again as he turns in pursuit of you. In ^'slipping" 
you can counter with your left upon your adversary's 
diaphragm, if it is unguarded, but as you can not de- 
liver this blow very lightly, without endangering your 
escape from the corner, I would advise you to omit it 
in a strictly friendly set-to. 

If your opponent will not lead, you will have to 
feint at his face to draw him on to counter, then slip; 
but if he will not be drawn on to counter and give you 
the desired chance for slipping, you may then perform 
the ^'Left-hand Bat and Right hand Counter. 



LEFT-HAND "BAT" AND RIGHT HAND COUNTER. 

As your opponent lifts his right foot, to step to the 
right or retire, strike his left hand a vicious left-handed 
short arm swinging blow, knocking it outward toward 
his left side and slightly upward. As you make this 
"bat" with your left hand throw your right shoulder 
fully back and as the left hand returns cast your head 
well to the left and drive your right in upon his dia- 
phragm, follow this quickly — and before you drop your 
right foot to the floor — with a blow in the face from 
your left. 

This "bat" and blow is irresistable, if you attack 
your opponent just as he moves his right foot to change 
his position. No matter how small the step may be, or 



8a ryoKAK^s sciekce of self-defekse:, 

even if he slides hi^ right toot to the right or back- 
ward, you mus^ catch him while he is shifting it. Your 
bat and blow has to be made with the quickness of a 
flash, and if so done, you will find that your opponent 
has only the power to look vicious and shove his hands 
and arms out as ''fenders", as he falls back to land 
firmly upon his right foot again. 

It ig very likely that at the startling and unusual 
movement of his left hand, his right will fiy up to the 
protection of his face leaving the *'mark" exposed to 
the blow from the right, if not you must direct your 
blow to his jaw. 

Do not attack in this manner while your opponent 
is resting his weight upon his right leg, nor mistake a 
forward movement for one to the right or rear, or you 
are likely to be convinced of your error in a manner 
more impressive than pleasant, for when you try to 
bat his left hand with your left, you naturally cast 
your head more or less forward, and if your opponent 
is not moving, all he will have to do is to raise his left 
forearm, lunge slightly forward and steady you up 
with a severe facer. 

Before and after he moves, you are in danger if you 
fry it, while^ when moving, he is at vour mercy ,and you 
can attack him with impunity. Practice it carefully, and 
\ ou will find it one of the safest forms of attack, and you 
will hardly fail to gain more room by driving your 
opponent back. 

INFIGHTING, 

A really scientific mode of fl^^hting, as it proves the 
accuiacy of a man's hitting and keeping his head out of 




RIGHT-HAND UPPER-CUT. 



doran's science of self-defense. 83 

harms way by moving it properly. There is very htllc 
chance lor parrying or stepping about, and weight 
favors its possessor, as it is all short-arm work. Yoin 
blows w^ill have an upper-tendency, with an (occasional 
jab at the "mark." Here is where swinging the shoul- 
ders and body, from the hips up, is most beneficial, for 
you are otherwise too close to deliver forcible and effec- 
tive blows. Mike Cleary's famous right hand 'Jolt" 
owes its success in knocking out his opponent, chieflv 
to swinging his body from the hips up and propelin^r 
his body with the spring from the right leg. 

It will never do you any harm, after you once become 
somewhat proficient, to indulge in a short but sharp bit 
of in-fighting, as it will test your power to "keep your 
head" and prove your quickness and accuracy. 



THE SIDE-STEP. 

The side-step, brought into such prominence by 
Champion Corbett in evading the famous rushes of the 
great John L. Sullivan is easily performed; but as it is 
merely intended to save the performer, and gives him no 
opportunity^ to punish his opponent, it will never be 
popular in contests where the men are evenly matched 
in weight, as it savors too much of "sprinting." It is per- 
formed as follows: As your opponent springs, or rushes, 
forward to the attack, spring quickly to your right, 
landing upon the ball of your right foot, bending for- 
ward at the same time. Your opponent may, in his 
headlong rush, trip over your left leg, which will then 
be presented in front of him. 



84 doran's science of self-defense. 



This movement will not take you out of a corner, as 
in "slipping," and you can only perform it at the side of 
the ring, or where there is sufficient space to move 
about freelv. 



CHANCERY AND BACK- HEELING. 

The following holds are allowed only in fights gov- 
erned by London Prize Ring Rules, or, street ''run-ins," 
although both chancery holds are frequently taken for 
a moment, by tricky fighters, even under other rules. 



CHANCERY-HOLD NUMBER ONE. 

As your opponent tries a right-hand lead or counter 
for your face, parry it with your left and spring in, 
slip your left hand back of his head, draw his head 
in and down with a jerk, and upper-cut him in the 
face with your right, you can also take this hold as 
your opponent endeavors to clinch you. 



BREAK FOR CHANCERY-HOLD NUMBER ONE. 

As you find your opponent has you in this hold, 
bring your left arm up to your face, bend the elbow so 
that the back of your hand is against your right breast, 
sink your nose into the crotch of your elbow, drop your 
head, drive your right in on your opponent's mark and 




LEFT-HAND UPPER-CUT. 



dokan's science of self-di:fense. 87 

spring back. You will have to drop yoin- head, other- 
wise the protuberance at the back of it will act as a 
hook to keep you from getting back. Your arm will 
effectually protect your face, but you must not hnger 



CHANCERY-HOLD NUMBER TWO. 

This hold can be taken when you lead at your oppo- 
nent's face with your left, and your blow passes over 
his left shoulder. Spring in, throw your left arm 
around his neck, bring him in and down with a jeik, 
and drive your right in on the ribs above his left hip, or 
over the heart. To take this hold, as your opponent 
rushes in to clinch you, throw your left fore-aim toward 
your right ^boulder and as he clinches throw it about 
his neck. Be sure to get your left forearm well up 
under his chin, and tighten up by raising your lefl hand 
all you can. In case your opponent tries to throw you, 
do iiot resist, just catch yourself by the left wrist with 
your right hand and tighten up on his neck, and the 
chances are that you will subdue him before he can 
throw you, all the resistance you need offer is to 
straighten up and stiffen your body and limbs as you 
tighten up on his neck. If you feel him trying to bring 
your head down and get you into chancery, while you 
are holdino- him, or at anv other time, hold your head 
back and stiffen vour bodv and neck. 

The writers on fhh subject, so far, have failed to 
give a break for this hold, one of them saying: '*dp nc)t 
try to get out, as all your struggles will assist in hanging 
you." Which is verv true, respecting struggles without 
method, though it is queer advise coming from one 



88 doran's science of self-defense. 

who claims to know enough about the science to w^rite 
a book upon the supject. 

Just put your head in chancery to an opponent and 
remain passive: and as for punching your opponent, to 
make him let go, as another writer advises, that is a 
liUle worse than remaining passive, for you are in no 
position to strike to any eflect, for your shoulder is right 
up against your opponent. 

And yet the break for this hold is quite simple and 
so efficient that your opponent, unless twice as strong 
as yourself, cannot keep you locked in it. 



BREAK FOR CHANCERY-HOLD NUMBER TWO. 

When your opponent has you in this hold, put 
the outside edge of your left wrist and heel of your 
hand, when the palm is down, against the left front of 
his neck and press in and back as hard as you can; 
press slightly down. Grasp his left hand with your 
right, pull it down and out, shove him from you at 
the neck and drop your head and spring back, (or 
throw him from you). The action at all points must 
be simultaneous. 

In practicing with a friend or in **showing-off" if 
your opponent does not know the break, agree with 
him before hand, that if he finds he cannot get away 
and wants to give up the struggle and be released, he 
may tap you on the knee or some such signal, for 
when you have him in chancery, he may not be able 
to tell you of his desire to be released, as his mouth 
may be jammed tight against your side and the more 




RIGHT-HAND BODY BLOW DELIVERED 
ON THE "MARK." 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. 9I 

he struggled the tighter you would hold him, so that 
when he stopped struggling it might be from uncon- 
sciousness. 

It is a dangerous hold to try '^in fun," and I 
would advise you to use the greatest caution in prac- 



BACK-HEELING. 

As your opponent rushes in to clinch you, spring 
forward, cast your head well to the right, cast your 
left foot back of his left and throw your left arm 
across the front of his neck, bring your right forearm 
forcibly against the small of his back — and down he 
goes. It must be done rapidly and is then almost 
irresistable. You can also do it when your opponent 
delivers a vicious lead with his left at your face. 



BREAK FOR BACK-HEELING. 

As your opponent endeavors to back-heel you, bring 
your left arm across in front of your chest or throat, 
lunge forward so as to strike, or shove him sharply 
with your left forearm, or elbow, at the same time 
swinging your left leg back so as to jar his left leg 
from its position, also strike him across the small of 
the back with your right forearm. 



CROSS-BUTTOCK. 

This trick results in one of the severest falls, to 
your opponent, that you can administer. As your 



92 DORAN S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFENSE. 

opponent lunges forward with his left hand lead, or 
rushes in to clinch, you must spring forward, ducking 
smartly, to the right, as in ''slipping," cast your left 
arm about his waist, slide your hip beneath 
and back of him, cast your head forward and your hip 
up, raising him at the same time with the arm about 
his waist, as soon as he is in the air let go and he will 
drop over and beyond your head, landing upon, the 
back of his neck and shoulder. This movement is 
never resorted to except in London Prize Ring Rule 
battles and street fights, and should not be used except 
in case of extreme danger to yourself. 



THE PIVOT BLOW. 

The pivot blow, brought into prominence, though 
its use by George LaBlanche in ''knocking out" 
Champion, Jack Dempsey, is performed as follows: 
as you lead at your opponent with your left, and miss 
him, you "spin" swiftly to the right upon the balls 
of the feet, and endeavor to land on the right side 
of his neck or jaw with your right wrist. 

Or, where an opponent, who swings his right — in 
a semi-circle — at your jaw, misses, he will frequently 
continue turning to his left and endeavor to catch you 
on the left jaw or neck with his left wrist or elbow. 
The blow can only be performed on a man who is 
nearly exhausted, or a very slow man, and is barred 
in all first-class clubs. In glove contests it is decid- 
edly unfair, as their is no ]:)retenc c of trying to strike 
with the padding of the glovp. 




RJGHT^HANO COUNTER OVER THE HEART 



DUMB-BELLS. 



REMARKS. 

The following exercises with the dumb-bells will 
be found very beneficial in limbering up the muscles 
and developing them. The third exercise will be found 
excellent in developing the pectoralis muscles, com- 
monly called '^striking muscles." Those of the fifth 
exercise will quicken you in and give you the swing 
in upper-cutting. 

Do not use over two-pound dumb-bells — even 
lighter will be heavy enough, for heavy weight will 
serve to make you slow. 

Quickness combined with moderate strength is f:ii 
superior to great strength and slowness in a fight. 

The ^^tom-tit" and the crow very aptly illustrate 
science vs. strength. Who has not seen the little 
fellow, high up in the air, as he winged into his larger 
but clumsier opponent and pecked and boxed him 
right and left, until the big black fellow, thoroughly 
exhausted, would flutter earthward with only the abil- 
ity to look viciously at his nimble and nervy little 
opponent. 

Of course, if the crow could catch the spry little 
fellow he would settle his teasing in a jiffy, but cor- 
nering him, that's the problem. 

(95) 



c6 DORAN^S SCIENCE OF SELF-DEFEXSE. 



y 



No doubt you have often wished that you could 
* 'handle yourself" as scientifically and cleverly as somo 
boxer you have seen. Well always keep in mind tho 
lact that none of them were born with the knowledge? 
but acquired their proficiency through practice an i 
perseverence. And you may be better fitted for it I y 
nature then many of them. 



DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. 

1. Stand erect, heels touching and toes separated, 
arms falling at sides, hands grasping the dumb-bells 
backs outward. Draw the dumb-bells up until they 
reach the arm pits, and let them fall again. 

2. Stand as before, raise the arms sidewise slow- 
ly without bending the elbows, until the hands meet 
over the head, let them fall in the same way as raised. 

3. Bring the dumb-bells up to the chest, shoot 
them perpendicularly into the air with force, bring 
them back again. 

4. Dumb-bells resting on chest, shoot the arms 
horizontally to their full extent, then bring them back 
forcibly, as if endeavoring to meet the elbows behind 
the back. This is good for the ^^striking muscles." 

5. Swing the arms in opposite directions at the 
sides, like pendulums, carrying them as far each way 
as possible. 

6. Let the dumb-bells rest on the chest, turn the 
body from side to side, keep the feet fixed. 




SLIPPING," 



OF SELF-DEFENSE. 99 



7. Stand erect, and gradually bend the knees, 
keeping the body straight, until the dumb-bells touch 
the floor at each side of you, raise slowly again. 

8. Rest dumb-bells on chest, bend forward at 
hips, touch dumb-bells on floor straight down from 
shoulder, without bending at knees, rise slowly. 

9. Shoot dumb-bells horizontally out in front, 
return to chest, advance right foot, bend at hips, 
touch floor with dumb-bells while keeping the feet 
firmly fixed upon the floor, and nerves stiff, advance 
left foot and repeat exercise. 




ADDENDA. 



The following is intended to relresh the pupil's 
memory, that he may practice all he has been shown 
during a course of lessons; for unless thoroughly learned 
in careful practice, many things are apt to be forgotten 
in the hurry and friendly rivalry attending a ^^bout" 
with the gloves. 

Many of the names and abbreviations will be unm- 
telligable to nil others except pupils. The Leads, Coun- 
ters, Parries, Ducks, Feints, etc., are arranged so to direct 
you cleary what can best be done while your opponent 
IS willing to act on the aggressive; also what tactics to 
pursue when he acts on the defensive, or quits forcing 
ilie pace to recoup his strength and "mend his bellows/' 

The first I put under the head "When Your Oppo- 
nent is Leading;" The second, under the head, ''When 
Your Opponent is on Guard." You will also find those 
things learned during the preparatory lessons. 



When Your Opponent is Leading*. 

T. Feint to Retire, to Draw. 

2. Left- Hand Counter on the " Mark." 

3. Lett- 1 land Counter on the Face. 
-J . Slij^ping. 




LEFT-HAND "BAT" AND RIGHT-HAND COUNTER. 



DORAN S SCIENCE OF SEI.F-DEFENSE. lO'^ 

5. Slipping and Countenng. 

6. Cross-Counter. 

7. Right-Hand Counter on Ribs. 

8. Right-Hand Counter on "Mark." 

9. Right-Hand Upper-Cut. 

10. Left- Hand Upper-Cut. 

11. P arrj and Counter. 

12. One- Hand Parry and Counter 

13. Side Step. 

14. Back Heeling. 

15. Cross- Buttock. 

16. Shouldering. 

17. Left for " Mark " after Cross-Counter. 

18. Left for " Mark " and Right for Neck. 

19. Parry for Right-Hand Swing at Neck. 

20. Parry for Right-Hand Swing at Ribs. 

21. Guard for Right-Hand Swing at Neck. 

22. Stop for Right-Hand Swing at Neck. 

23. Parry for Left- Hand Swing at Neck.- 

24. Stop for Left-Hand "Bat" and Right-Hand Counter. 

25. Chancery Hold No. i. 

26. Chancery Hold No. 2. 

27. Duck and Counter for Left-Hand Lead at Face. 

28. Parry for Left-Hand Lead at " Mark." 

29. Guard for Left-Hand Lead at " Mark." 

30. Turn and Counter, 

31. Left for Face and Right for Ribs. 



When Your Opponent is on Guard* 

1. Break Ground and Attack. 

2. Break for Back-Heeling. 

3. Knee Kick. 

4. Feint for Face and Finish on " Mark." 

5. Feint for " Mark " and Finish on Face. 

6. Feint to Draw and Cross-Counter. 

7.^ Left-Hand "Bat" and Right-Hand Counter. 



I04 doran's science of self-defense. ^ N^ 

8. Escape for Turn and Counter. 

9. Break for Chancery Hold No. i. 

10. Break for Chancery Hold No» 2. 

11. Pivot Blow. 

12. Stop for Cross-Counter. 

13. Left- Hand Lead for Face. 

14. In- Fighting. 

15. Roughing in Street Fight. 

16. Guard for Upper-Cuts. 



Preparatory £xerci^^ll» 

1. Wall-Pad Work. 

2. Crouching. 

3. Springing, 

4. Balancing. 

5. Precision in Striking. 

6. Carriage of Feet. 

7. Judging Distance. 

8. Carriage of Arms and Head. 

9. Developing Reach. 

10. Developing Striking Power. 
I [. Receiving Step. 

12. Three Step Retreat. 

13. Body Blows. 

14. Sparring for an Opening. 
I :;, Training Bag Work. 

The above are the principal movements and will 
serve as a ''quiz" to the student after he has given the 
book careful perusal. Fraternally Yours, 

Bakt. J. DoUAN. 




IN-FIGHTING. 



•;. DAVID H. BLANCHARD'S •••• 

AMERICAN FAIR PLAY RULES, 

TO QOVERN QLOVE ©ONTESTS. 



1. An honest and competent referee inust be chosen who should be fa- 
miliar with the rules. His orders must be promptly obeyed, and his decisions 
in all cases shall be final. 

2. A responsible time-keeper must be appointed who shall take his posi- 
tion near the ropes and should be provided with a proper time watch. The 
referee also may have the privileg-e of keeping- time for liis own satisfaction, 
particularly in reference to the :en seconds after a knockdown. 

3. All contests should take place in a roped enclosure, from 20 to 24 feet 
square, or as near that as possible, with eight posts, which should be padded 
on tne inside. There should be a circle three feet in diameter drawn in the 
middle of the enclosure to be known as the center, where contestants shall 
meet for the beg-inning-of each round. No one, excepting the ref.ree, time- 
keeper, and seconds, should be allowed within three (3) feet of the enclosure. 

^. Each principal may have two attendants, only one of whom shall be 
allowed within the enclosure. While the contest is in progress the attend- 
ants must take positions outside the ring and neither advice nor speak to 
either of the principals, except while they are resting-. A violation ot this 
rule may be punished by the referee excluding the offender from serving 
as an atCendant. Either attendant may quietly call the attention of the ref- 
eree to any violation of the rules. While resting-, principals may use a light 
chair in their corners, but it must be p! -ced outside by the attendants while 
the contest is in progress. 

5. No wrestling, clinching, hugging butting-, or anything done to injure 
an opponent, except by fair and manly boxing, shall be allowed. If a contes- 
tant shoult resort to clinching^ his opponent may continue hitting as long as he 
does not clinch himself. A contestant shall not go to the floor to avoid his 
opponent or to obtain rest; but, should either contestant accidentally f':ll, his 
opponent shall step back and allow the fallen man time to get on his feet, 
and in a position to defend himself, before proceeding with the round; nor 
shall he strike his opponent when down, or on one or both knees, nor be 
allowed to strike below the belt or waist. 

6 A round shall be of three (3) minutes' duration, with one minute be- 
tween rounds for rest. In all matches the number of rounds and weight of 
gloves should be mutually agreed upon. 

7. If a glove shall burst or come off, it must be replaced immediately to 
the satisfaction of the referee. No tampering with the gloves by forcing" the 
hair from the knuckles or otherwise shall be allowed. 

(107) 



loS doran's science of self-defp:nse. 

8. If eitlier man is knocke:l down, he shall be allowed ten seconds to rise 
and walk unassisted to the centre. In the meantiine his opponent shall retire 
to his corner and remain until the fallen man shall first reaCh the center, 
wlicn tijne shall be called and the round completed. If, however, the man 
fails to come to the center within ten seconds, the referee shall decide that he 
has lost the contest. 

9. If a man is forced on to the ropes, and in such a helpless position asto be 
unable to defend himself, it shall be the duty of the referee to order both men 
to the center. 

10. If cither principal becomes so exhausted that it is apparently imprudent 
or danii^erous to continue, it shall be the duty of the referee to stop the contest 
and give his decision in favor of the more deserving- man. 

11. When it becomes evident that either principal in order to unnecessa- 
rily prolong- the contest, makes no eifort to exchange blows, when in the 
opinion of the referee ' j i. able to do so, the referee after duly warning him, 
and he still refuses, may ward the contest against him. 

12. A second shall not have the right to knowledge defeat, or compromise 
the contest on behalf of his principal without first obtaining his consent. 

13. If at any time during the contest it should become evident that the 
parties interested, or by-standers, are doing anything to injure either princi- 
])als or to AvillfuUy interfere in any -way to prevent him from fairly winning, 
the referee shall have the power to declare the principal so interfered with 
the w^inner. 

14. If on the day named for the meeting anything unavoidable should 
occur to prevent the contest from taking place or from being finished, the 
reteree shall n .me the time and place for the next meeting, which must be 
within three days from the day of postponement, proper notice of which shall 
be given to both parties. Either man failing to appear at the time and place 
appointed by the referee shall be deemed to have lost the contest. 

15. If there is anything said or done to intimidate the referee, while serv- 
ing, he shall have the right to reserve his decision, which, however, must be 
rendered within twenty-four hours after the contest. 

16. If the contest should occur in a field, blunt hobbles not over one-eighth 
of an inch in thickness or length should be used in place of spikes on the 
soles of the shoes, and must be placed so as to be harmless to an opponent. 

17. In order that exhibitions may be conducted in a quiet and orderly 
ma.iner, the referee should always request spectators to refrain from loud 
expressions or demonstrations and any one guilty of such conduct while a 
contest is in progress should be severely condemned. 

SUGGESTION TO REFEREES.— While in the forgoing rules broad 
and unrestricted powers are reposed in the referee, in order that his authority 
may be unquestioned in preventing intentional violations of the rules, and of 
fair dealing, it is expected that referees will use the greatest caution and 
wi'^est discretion in the exercise of their power, and in distinguishing acci- 
dental mistakes on the part of the contestants or their supporters from wilful 
violations of the spirit of these articles. 

[Th^^ nbove rules are submitted in hope that they mav possibly correct some 
of the objectionable features which have hitherto attended exhibitions of 
boxing, encouraging fairer, more scientific and interesting exhibitions of this 
old and much admi:-e I snort.] 




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